Lincoln was anti-slavery, did not acknowledge the right to secession, and would not yield federal property in Southern states. Tropical cyclones (hurricanes) are less frequent, but they do in some years cause damage to South Carolina’s coast. Further west were the Cherokee, and along the Catawba River, the Catawba. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. The Blue Ridge Mountain province dominates the northwestern corner of the state, covering about 2 percent of the state’s area; the highest point in South Carolina, Sassafras Mountain, rises on a crest in this region to an elevation of 3,560 feet (1,085 metres). and . [11] The Chattooga River, on the border between South Carolina and Georgia, is a favorite whitewater rafting destination. GNIS feature ID: 1220269: Website: www.townofaynor.net: Aynor is a small town in Horry County, South Carolina, United States, south of Galivants Ferry. The regions include the Coastal Zone, Outer Coastal Plain, Inner Coastal Plain, Sandhills, Piedmont, and Blue Ridge region. The pure-blooded white has needed and received a certain infusion of darker blood to give him readiness and purpose. The long, even coast lined with beautiful sand beaches on the Grand Strand north of Georgetown becomes generally marshy to the south and is sliced by a network of rivers and creeks, creating a maze of inlets and the famous Sea Islands. For overall health care, South Carolina is ranked 33rd out of the 50 states, according to the Commonwealth Fund, a private health foundation working to improve the health care system. The Students Health and Fitness Act of 2005 also calls for the South Carolina Physical Education Assessment to be administered by all public schools to all students in grades two, five, and eight and in high school. [88] Since 1994, BMW has had a production facility in Spartanburg County near Greer and since 1996 the Zapp Group operates in Summerville near Charleston. [67] This tranquil transition from a Jim Crow society occurred because the state's white and black leaders were willing to accept slow change rather than being utterly unwilling to accept change at all. While we continue to feature destinations that make our state wonderful, please take proper precautions or add them to your bucket list to see at a later date. The state is occasionally affected by tropical cyclones. [17], South Carolina averages around 50 days of thunderstorm activity a year. more or less equal numbers of people. South Carolina is a state that’s blessed with seemingly endless natural beauty. Historic homes on Battery Street, Charleston, South Carolina, U.S. Aerial view of Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge, in the Coastal Plain province of southeastern South Carolina, U.S. Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. This is less than some of the states further south, and it is slightly less vulnerable to tornadoes than the states which border on the Gulf of Mexico. 3.1 Use maps and globes to categorize places and regions by their human and physical conditions. Research any South Carolina neighborhood (census block group) and get home values, average household income, owner/renter/ occupancy rates, projected growth rates, boundary maps, comparisons to other communities, and much more.. [106] The state's infant mortality rate was 9.4 deaths per 1,000 births compared to the national average of 6.9 deaths. South Carolina has a humid, sub-tropical climate, with long, hot summers and short, mild winters. South Carolina is composed of 46 counties. [19], The United States Census Bureau estimates the population of South Carolina was 5,148,714 on July 1, 2019, an 11.31 percentage increase since the 2010 census. ", "QuickFacts South Carolina; UNITED STATES", "Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States", "Population of South Carolina: Census 2010 and 2000 Interactive Map, Demographics, Statistics, Quick Facts", "South Carolina QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau", "The Economic and Social Implications of the Growing Latino Population in South Carolina", ""Mexican Immigrants: The New Face of the South Carolina Labor Force", "Florida is about to ban sanctuary cities. For the rest of the war this area served as a Union base and staging point for other operations. streams . The border between the lowcountry and the upcountry is defined by the Atlantic Seaboard fall line, which marks the limit of navigable rivers. The 1865 Constitution changed this process, requiring a popular election. The growing season ranges from fewer than 200 days in the northwestern part of the state to about 290 days on the Sea Islands. [59] Led by Grant's Attorney General Amos T. Akerman, hundreds of Klansmen were arrested while 2,000 Klansmen fled the state. to go white water rafting. This region is home to the only mountain range in South Carolina- the Blue Ridge Mountains. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. CSX Transportation and Norfolk Southern are the only Class I railroad companies in South Carolina, as other freight companies in the state are short lines. [91], As of 2010, South Carolina is one of three states that have not agreed to use competitive international math and language standards. According to the University of South Carolina's Arnold School of Public Health, Consortium for Latino Immigration Studies, South Carolina's foreign-born population grew faster than any other state between 2000 and 2005. Carrying little sediment, their waters are blackened by tannic acid from the swamps along their courses. By 1896, only 5,500 black voters remained on the voter registration rolls, although they constituted a majority of the state's population. It shows elevation trends across the state. Top South Carolina Nature & Wildlife Areas: See reviews and photos of nature & wildlife areas in South Carolina, United States on Tripadvisor. [2] Der Beiname South Carolinas ist Palmetto State (Palmettopalmenstaat). While nominally democratic, from 1790 until 1865, wealthy landowners were in control of South Carolina. [109] There were 26 percent of children and 13 percent of elderly living in poverty in the state, compared to 23 percent and 13 percent, respectively, doing so in the U.S.[110] And, 34 percent of children were overweight or obese, compared to the national average of 32 percent. The larger rivers are navigable up to the fall line, providing a trade route for mill towns. 1.G.4 Describe and compare various landforms within South Carolina through the use of primary and secondary sources. Although no major league professional sports teams are based in South Carolina, the Carolina Panthers do have training facilities in the state and played their inaugural season's home games at Clemson's Memorial Stadium, however, they currently play in North Carolina. The American Civil War (1861–65) shattered South Carolina’s economy and influence, and for a century thereafter the state suffered economic, social, and political turmoil. South Carolina Physical Features; Areas: 11: Bars: 41: Basins: 63: Bays: 56: Beaches: 25: Bends: 22: Capes: 177: Cliffs: 43: Falls: 25: Flats: 7: Forests: 7: Gaps: 21: Guts: 111: Islands: 374: Lakes: 448: … After the American Civil War, it was readmitted into the United States on June 25, 1868. South Carolina is also home to one of NASCAR's first tracks and its first paved speedway, Darlington Raceway northwest of Florence. The capital is Columbia with a population of 133,451 in 2018;[6] while its largest city is Charleston with a 2018 population of 136,208. The eastern portion of the coastal plain contains many salt marshes and estuaries, as well as natural ports such as Georgetown and Charleston. Winter temperatures are much less uniform in South Carolina. These forests are part of the Southeastern mixed forests ecoregion. South Carolina can be divided geologically into three separate provinces. 30 seconds . Every member has in him a certain mixture of ... colored blood. [43] His utopia was inspired by John Locke, an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "Father of Liberalism". The Charleston area, along the central coastline of the state, demonstrates the greatest frequency of earthquakes in South Carolina. Updates? The mid-20th century brought major changes, however, as South Carolina’s economy industrialized, its metropolitan areas grew, and the civil rights movement swept across the state. Travelling inland as much as 50 miles (80 km) mostly by canoe, they wintered on the coastal plain, hunting deer and gathering nuts and fruit. Many large corporations have moved their locations to South Carolina. According to the Association of Religion Data Archives (ARDA), in 2010, the largest religion is Christianity, of which the largest denominations were the Southern Baptist Convention with 913,763 adherents, the United Methodist Church with 274,111 adherents, and the Roman Catholic Church with 181,743 adherents. [8], South Carolina is named in honor of King Charles I of England, who first formed the English colony, with Carolus being Latin for "Charles".[9]. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. colonies. 3.1.3.PR Identify the spatial hierarchy of political and physical geographic features. [99] On January 5, 2017, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency awarded South Carolina more than $1.1 million to replace 57 school buses with new cleaner models through its Diesel Emissions Reduction Act program.[100]. South Carolina also has performing art venues including the Peace Center in Greenville, the Koger Center for the Arts in Columbia, and the Newberry Opera House, among others to bring local, national, and international talent to the stages of South Carolina. It was the first European settlement in what is now mainland USA. South Carolina was the 8 th state in the USA; it became a state on May 23, 1788.. State Abbreviation - SC State Capital - Columbia Largest City - Columbia Area - 32,007 square miles [South Carolina is the 40th biggest state in the USA] Population - 4,774,839 (as of 2013) [South Carolina is the 24th most populous state in the USA] Name for Residents - South Carolinians The peak time of vulnerability for the southeast Atlantic coast is from early August to early October, during the Cape Verde hurricane season. Although agriculture continues to be important, it has played a diminishing role as employment in the manufacturing and service sectors has increased. From the mountains to the sea, the natural wonders in South Carolina are tried and true crowd-pleasers. In 2017 in the budget proposal, Superintendent of Education Molly Spearman requested the state lease to purchase 1,000 buses to replace the most decrepit vehicles. ", "South Carolina Information: History and Culture", "The Avalon Project : Constitution of South Carolina – March 26, 1776", "South Carolina State and Local Government", Nell Porter Brown, "A 'portion of the People', "Resolution to Call the Election of Abraham Lincoln as U.S. President a Hostile Act, 9 November 1860". Also relevant are the state constitution, law enforcement agencies, federal representation, state finances, and state taxes. However, South Carolina did not regain representation in Congress until that date. Settled by the English in 1670, South Carolina had a wealthy, aristocratic, and influential colonial society based on a plantation agriculture that relied on a labour force of Black slaves. The town grew after it was connected to Charleston by the Santee Canal in 1800, one of the first canals in the United States. South Carolina is a state in the southeastern United States. Most of the state receives nearly 50 inches (1,270 mm) of precipitation annually, but 70 to 80 inches (1,780 to 2,030 mm) are recorded in the mountains in the northwest. South Carolina became the eighth state to ratify the U.S. Constitution on May 23, 1788. Areas with better drainage make excellent farmland, though some land is swampy. In 2019, South Carolina's GDP was $249.9 billion, making the state the 26th largest by GDP in the United States. South Carolina is located next to the sea, right under the middle colonies. [11], The Sandhills or Carolina Sandhills is a 10–35 mi (16–56 km) wide region within the Atlantic Coastal Plain province, along the inland margin of this province. Colonists overthrew the proprietors' rule, seeking more direct representation. Activer la navigation. [92], In 2014, the South Carolina Supreme Court ruled the state had failed to provide a "minimally adequate" education to children in all parts of the state as required by the state's constitution. By the 1800 census, the population had increased 38 per cent to nearly 340,000 of which 146,000 were slaves. The French returned two years later but settled in present-day Florida rather than South Carolina.[40]. The natural areas of the coastal plain are part of the Middle Atlantic coastal forests ecoregion. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Southern secessionists believed Lincoln's election meant long-term doom for their slavery-based agrarian economy and social system. Secondary roads are numbered by the number of the county followed by a unique number for the particular road. Access to Fort Sumter in Charleston harbor, where the American Civil War began in 1861, requires a half-hour ferry ride each way. In total from 1910 to 1970, 6.5 million blacks left the South in the Great Migration. On secondary roads, South Carolina uses a numbering system to keep track of all non-interstate and primary highways that the South Carolina Department of Transportation maintains. As of 2015, South Carolina had one of the lowest percentages among all states of women in state legislature, at 13.5% (only Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Wyoming had a lower percentage; the national average is 24.3%; with the highest percentage being in Colorado at 41%). In 1877, the federal government withdrew its troops as part of the Compromise of 1877 that ended Reconstruction. At the end of the war in early 1865, the troops of General William Tecumseh Sherman marched across the state devastating plantations and most of Columbia. Spring and autumn are the most pleasant seasons. Due to the changing economics of farming, much of the land is now reforested in loblolly pine for the lumber industry. Its per-capita real gross domestic product (GDP) in chained 2000 dollars was $26,772 in 1997 and $28,894 in 2007; which represented 85% of the $31,619 per-capita real GDP for the United States overall in 1997, and 76% of the $38,020 for the U.S. in 2007. [59] In the mid to late 1870s, white Democrats used paramilitary groups such as the Red Shirts to intimidate and terrorize black voters. Several large venues can house major events, including Colonial Life Arena in Columbia, Bon Secours Wellness Arena in Greenville, and North Charleston Coliseum. The Pink House, the oldest stone building in Charleston, List of TV stations in South Carolina: Television Stations – Station Index, Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}33°55′01″N 80°53′47″W / 33.9169°N 80.8964°W / 33.9169; -80.8964 (State of South Carolina), This article is about the State of South Carolina. [111], The historical coat of arms of South Carolina in 1876, A cotton farmer and his children pose before taking their crop to a cotton gin circa 1870, Arcadia Plantation, circa 1893, Georgetown County, Beachcombers at Myrtle Beach photographed from the ninth floor of a resort hotel, Midlands Mountain trail during winter, in Harbison State Forest. Domtar, in Rock Hill, is the only Fortune 500 company headquartered in South Carolina. concept for electoral representation at the state level. 8 Of The Most Enchanting Man-Made Wonders In South Carolina. Population. By 1730 people of African ancestry had come to represent some two-thirds of the colony’s total population. The fall line, where rivers form major rapids, divides the sedimentary rocks of the Coastal Plain from the metamorphic rocks of the Piedmont. South Carolina averages 10–15 earthquakes a year below magnitude 3 (FEMA). We’re aware that these uncertain times are limiting many aspects of life. Which physical feature forms most of the border between Georgia and South Carolina, used for trade, and home to Georgia's deepwater ports? The term early elective is defined as a labor induction or Cesarean section between 37–39 weeks that is not medically based. In 1926 the governor's term was extended from two to four years; in 1982 the governor was allowed to run for a second succeeding term. In the Piedmont province the reddish soils are clayey, with noticeable deposits of calcium, magnesium, and potassium. Fourth-largest is the African Methodist Episcopal Church with 564 congregations and 121,000 members and fifth-largest is the Presbyterian Church (USA) with 320 congregations and almost 100,000 members. vegetation of South Carolina. South Carolina is the 40th most extensive and 23rd most populous U.S. state. More than 60,000 served,[56] and the state lost nearly one-third of the white male population of fighting age.[58]. It is bordered by North Carolina on the north, Georgia on the southwest, and the Atlantic Ocean on the southeast. In the 1670s, English planters from Barbados established themselves near what is now Charleston. Any man who is half a man would be ready to blow up half the world with dynamite to prevent or avenge attacks upon the honor of his mother in the legitimacy or purity of the blood of his father.[62][63][64][65]. The Panthers consider themselves "The Carolinas' Team" and refrained from naming themselves after Charlotte or either of the Carolinas. The formation of these so-called Carolina bays remains a mystery; some geographers have attributed them to the impact of a comet or meteor. At the time Europeans arrived, marking the end of the Pre-Columbian era around 1600, there were many separate Native American tribes, the largest being the Cherokee, and the Catawba, and the total population being up to 20,000. The terrain is relatively flat and the soil is composed predominantly of sand, silt, and clay. [98] Half of the state's school buses are more than 15 years old and some are reportedly up to 30 years old. The Coastal Plain province comprises the southern and eastern thirds of the state, and its elevation varies from sea level to about 300 feet (90 metres). at 3,560 feet - the highest point in South Carolina.The lowest point is the Atlantic Ocean at Sea Level. Settlers from all over Europe built rice plantations in the South Carolina Lowcountry, east of the Atlantic Seaboard fall line. The environment here is that of the Appalachian-Blue Ridge forests ecoregion. Sassafras Mountain, South Carolina's highest point at 3,560 feet (1,090 m), is in this area. It also became the first state to vote in favor of secession from the Union on December 20, 1860. [46] Another cash crop was the indigo plant, a plant source of blue dye, developed by Eliza Lucas. [22], As of the 2017 census estimate, the racial make up of the state is 68.5% White (63.8% non-Hispanic white), 27.3% Black or African American, 0.5% American Indian and Alaska Native, 1.7% Asian, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander, 1.9% from two or more races. In 1663, Charles II granted the land to eight Lords Proprietors in return for their financial and political assistance in restoring him to the throne in 1660. Former Associate Professor of Geography, University of South Carolina, Columbia, 1960–73. [87] Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) brought 1.06 billion dollars to the state economy in 2010. [49] It is estimated 25,000 slaves (30% of those in South Carolina) fled, migrated or died during the war. State abbreviation/Postal code: S.C./SCNickname: Palmetto StateOrigin of name: In honor of Charles I of EnglandMottoes: \"Animis opibusque parati\" (Prepared in mind and resources) and \"Dum spiro spero\" (While I breathe, I hope)”State symbols:Amphibian: Spotted salamander (1999)Animal: White-tailed deer (1972)Bird: Carolina wren (1948)Butterfly: Eastern tiger swallowtail (1994)Dog: Boy… Swampy along the coast, it's criss-crossed by dozens of rivers and covers about … A Republican-Populist biracial coalition took power away from White Democrats temporarily. Memorable hurricanes to hit South Carolina include Hazel (1954), Florence (2018), and Hugo (1989), all Category 4 hurricanes. The state can be divided into three natural geographic areas which then can be subdivided into five distinct cultural regions. The state has the fourth largest state-maintained system in the country, consisting of 11 Interstates, numbered highways, state highways, and secondary roads, totalling approximately 41,500 miles.[89]. [11] At the southeastern edge of Piedmont is the fall line, where rivers drop to the coastal plain. By 1930 South Carolina had a white majority[66] for the first time since 1708. The service sector accounts for 83.7% of the South Carolina economy.[84]. At the edge of the Piedmont lie the Sandhills, which run diagonally across the centre of the state from northeast to southwest. Some of our wonderful land features are the Ashley river, Blue ridge mountains, and many more. Plantation labor was done by African slaves who formed the majority of the population by 1720. Many of these settlers preferred a natural life far from civilization and the atrocities of the Wars of Religion. The Blue Ridge Escarpment receives the most average total measurable snowfall; amounts range from 7 to 12 inches. SURVEY . [46], On April 12, 1861, Confederate (southern) batteries began shelling the Union (northern) Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor, and the American Civil War began. The state became a hotbed of racial and economic tensions during the Populist and Agrarian movements of the 1890s. As of January 2, 2016, there were 2,948,772 registered voters. The 7.0–7.3 magnitude earthquake killed 60 people and destroyed much of the city. The Gibbes Museum of Art in Charleston, the Greenville County Museum of Art, the Columbia Museum of Art, Spartanburg Art Museum, and the South Carolina State Museum in Columbia among others provide access to visual arts to the state. The names of these tribes survive in place names like Edisto Island, Kiawah Island, and the Ashepoo River.[40]. In 1832, the Ordinance of Nullification declared federal tariff laws unconstitutional and not to be enforced in the state, leading to the Nullification Crisis. [40], Up the rivers of the eastern coastal plain lived about a dozen tribes of Siouan background. Rice cultivation was developed on a large scale. Boeing opened an aircraft manufacturing facility in Charleston in 2011, which serves as one of two final assembly sites for the 787 Dreamliner. [94][95] As of the 2008–2009 school year, South Carolina spent $9,450 per student which places it 31st in the country for per student spending. [60] The 1900 census demonstrated the extent of disenfranchisement: the 782,509 African American citizens comprised more than 58% of the state's population, but they were essentially without any political representation in the Jim Crow society. Hundreds of sea islands front its deeply indented southeastern Atlantic Ocean coastline. Freight Tags: Question 26 . They established public education, welfare institutions, and home rule for counties, expanding democracy. Summer rainfall, typified by afternoon thunderstorms, normally exceeds that of any other season. [54], Lincoln was elected president on November 6, 1860. The geography in South Carolina is varied. bezeichnet. On the flipside, the Palmetto State is also home to some truly spectacular man-made wonders. At that time South Carolina had the largest population of Jews in the 16 United States, mostly based in Savannah and Charleston,[51] the latter being the country's fifth largest city. Historical Landmarks: South Carolina's National Historic Landmarks It separates North & South Carolina. [70], As the 21st century progresses, South Carolina attracts new business by having a 5% corporate income tax rate, no state property tax, no local income tax, no inventory tax, no sales tax on manufacturing equipment, industrial power or materials for finished products; no wholesale tax, no unitary tax on worldwide profits. [46] Inhabitants of the state endured being invaded by British forces and an ongoing civil war between loyalists and partisans that devastated the backcountry. [97], South Carolina is the only state which owns and operates a statewide school bus system. Average July temperatures range from the low 70s F (low 20s C) in the highland northwest to the low 80s F (upper 20s C) in the midlands and along the coast. Workers were paid by the pound harvested and thus became the first former slaves freed by the Union forces to earn wages. The fall line was an important early source of water power. Aussprache [ˈsaʊθ ˌkæɹəˈlaɪnə]; deutsch Süd-Carolina[1], veraltet auch Südkarolina oder Südkarolinien) ist ein Bundesstaat der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika und wurde wie North Carolina nach der lateinischen Bezeichnung Carolus für den englischen König Karl I. Please enter a valid email address. This is where Table Rock State Park is located. Average July temperatures range from the low 70s F (low 20s C) in the highland northwest to the low 80s F (upper 20s C) in the midlands and along the coast. While precipitation is abundant the entire year in almost the entire state, the coast tends to have a slightly wetter summer, while inland, the spring and autumn transitions tend to be the wettest periods and winter the driest season, with November being the driest month. By the second half of the 1700s, South Carolina was one of the richest of the Thirteen Colonies.[46]. The worn, undulating relief of the Piedmont province, with an elevation ranging from about 300 to about 1,200 feet (90 to 365 metres), stretches from the mountains southeastward to the midlands around Columbia; it constitutes nearly one-third of the state. After the war, South Carolina was restored to the United States during Reconstruction. In the Piedmont and Foothills, especially along and north of Interstate 85, measurable snowfall occurs one to three times in most years. Population (2010) 4,625,364; (2019 est.) The northwestern part of Piedmont is also known as the Foothills. [38][39], There is evidence of human activity in the area about 40,000 years ago. The Home Rule Act of 1975 implemented the amendment giving more power to the counties. The Charleston earthquake of 1886 was the largest quake ever to hit the eastern United States. Cotton became an important crop after the invention of the cotton gin. Richard H. Pildes, "Democracy, Anti-Democracy, and the Canon", Historical Census Browser, 1900 US Census, University of Virginia, "South Carolina: The Decline of Agriculture and the Rise of Jim Crowism", "Non Payment Policy for Deliveries Prior to 39 weeks: Birth Outcomes Initiative | SC DHHS", Same-sex marriage begins in South Carolina, "The South Carolina Arts Commission – Economic Impact", "Religious composition of adults in South Carolina", "The Association of Religion Data Archives | State Membership Report", "Religious Congregations & Membership Study", "Baha'i infusion Louis G. Gregory was a key Baha'i figure in Charleston", "statedatalab.org: "The 24th worst state" Truth in Accounting", "List of Right To Work States | Right to Work States Meaning", "SCDOT: Statewide Transportation Improvement Program", "SC Supreme Court finds for poor districts in 20-year-old school equity suit", "Update South Carolina's decrepit school bus fleet", "EPA Awards South Carolina $1.1 Million For Cleaner School Buses", "U.S. and Canadian Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year 2010 Endowment Market Value and Percentage Change in Endowment Market Value from FY 2009 to FY 2010", US Census, US National Center for Health Statistics, 2005, "Kaiser State Health Facts, based on Amer. Coastal areas of the state have very mild winters, with high temperatures approaching an average of 60 °F (16 °C) and overnight lows around 40 °F (5–8 °C). The state is also home to numerous minor league professional teams. [90] Just across the border in North Carolina is Charlotte/Douglas International Airport, the 30th busiest airport in the world, in terms of passengers. Several changes to the state constitution have affected the office of the governor and the cabinet. This is an annual concern during hurricane season, which lasts from June 1 to November 30. South Carolina also benefits from foreign investment. South Carolina’s rivers flow generally from northwest to southeast. It includes mountains, rolling hills, farmland, islands, plains, ridges, lakes, rivers, as well as extensive coastline. In Texas vs. White (1869), the Supreme Court ruled the ordinances of secession (including that of South Carolina) were invalid, and thus those states had never left the Union. The South Carolina legislature later ratified the amendment on July 1, 1969. Let’s take a look at a few of them now. 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