An ancient field elm stood until recently in the village square of Metaxades, Thrace, Greece. italica, 'Mediterranean Elm' (1913), distinguished by its 14 to 18 pairs of leaf-veins,[48] was accepted, despite the wide source-area claimed for it ("Italy, Spain, Portugal and Algeria"), as U. carpinifolia var. Leaves on juvenile growth (suckers, seedlings etc.) This elm is a medium-sized deciduous tree, growing to no more than 50 ft. (15 m) and with an umbrella-type canopy that is 65 ft. (20 m) wide. It attains a height of approx. Elms used to be associated with melancholy and death, perhaps because the trees can drop dead branches without warning. Field elm is highly susceptible to Dutch elm disease, a fungal disease which devastated populations of elms when it arrived in the UK in the 1960s. [4] As for British varieties, "the continental populations most closely related [to eastern English Field Elm] are in central Europe", while south-western forms were introduced from France. It is native to China, Korea and Japan. The largest recorded tree in the UK grew at Amwell, Herts., measuring 40 m in height and 228 cm d.b.h. Augustine Henry wrote in 1913 that the U. minor planted in parks in Scotland were of French origin. [29][30][31], A tree said to be of similar age (200 cm d.b.h.) Its leaves are glossy, flat and smooth. The species readily produces suckers from roots and stumps, even after devastation by Dutch elm disease; consequently genetic resources are not considered endangered [16][permanent dead link]. U. minor hybridises naturally with U. glabra, producing elms of the Ulmus × hollandica group, from which there have arisen a number of cultivars: The tree has featured strongly in artificial hybridization experiments in Europe and to a lesser extent in the United States. However, Melville,[8] writing ten years later, identified five distinct species (including U. glabra in the count), several varieties and numerous complex hybrids. Take part in our Nature's Calendar survey. In autumn it turns an attractive red to dark wine red. A phoenix from the ashes, the field elm has been able to recover from the decimation of Dutch elm disease thanks to its ability to grow easily. Keep in touch with the nature you love without having to leave the house. still stands (2013) in the city of Sliven, Bulgaria; other veterans are said to survive in the village of Samuilovo, 7 km from Sliven. [56], The elms by Willy Lott's Cottage and Flatford Mill, Suffolk, in Constable's paintings and drawings were, according to Richens, "smooth-leaved elm" (U. minor),[57] though the hedgerow elms in his Dedham Vale and East Bergholt landscape-paintings and drawings were otherwise "most probably East Anglian hybrid elms ... such as still grow in the same hedges". Leaves are bright green which may vary in intensity depending on position and exposure to sunlight. 2296645), is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Woodland Trust. Elm, field (Ulmus minor) A phoenix from the ashes, the field elm has been able to recover from the decimation of Dutch elm disease thanks to its ability to grow easily. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, UK. Unlike many other Elms, ‘Frontier’ blossoms in September and not in spring. Autumnal leaf of an Elm tree - possibly English Elm / Ulmus procera or Field Elm / Ulmus minor, or maybe European Elm. The field elm is native to much of Europe, but not to the UK. Acc. Caterpillars of the white-letter hairstreak butterfly feed on elms. Hiersch, H., Hensen, I., Zalapa, J. Guries, R. & Brunet, J. [52] The leaves are alternate, with simple, single or most commonly, doubly serrate margins, usually asymmetric at the base and acuminate at the apex. Ulmus carpinifolia var. Ulmus carpinifolia Gled. Ulmus minor. GB520 6111 04. The leaves also vary greatly in dimension and form. Look out for: the distinctly asymmetric leaf bases which all elms have. The field elm becomes alive with colour in autumn. Elms are hermaphrodites, meaning that both male and female reproductive parts are contained within the same flower. Young branchlets occasionally have corky wings. [46] Some authorities, among them Richens[47] and Coleman,[11] include English elm among varieties of field elm, Richens calling English elm U. minor var. Types of mushroom in the UK: common identification guide, Bats about trees: winter Broadleaf is out now, Five ways to prepare your garden for winter wildlife. Golden wych elm leaves Ulmus - type genus of family Ulmaceae; deciduous trees having simple serrate leaves; widely distributed in … Young branchlets occasionally have corky wings. A medium-sized deciduous tree which has a vase shape when young, but develops into a tree with a more rounded canopy as it matures. Glossy, flat and smooth but leathery to the touch, and double toothed, 6–15cm in length. [19], In the UK, despite its late leaf-flush in the north and its suckering habits, continental U. minor was occasionally planted as an ornamental urban tree. Clive Stace (1997) wrote of the British elms "The two-species (glabra and minor) concept of Richens is not sufficiently discriminating to be of taxonomic value". However, in an ongoing project that began in the 1990s, several thousand surviving field elms have been tested for innate resistance by national research institutes in the EU, with a view to returning field elm to cultivation. italica Henry, by Krüssman (1984), who included a photograph of a specimen in Gisselfeld Park, Denmark. insects (Diptera and non-Diptera) recorded on Ulmus 1a > Leaf-miner and case-bearer: The larva lives outside the mine, protected by a case, and feeds on the underlying plant tissues via a hole cut in the epidermis. [2] The samarae are oval or obovate, glabrous, 12–15 mm (15⁄32–19⁄32 in) long, notched at the top, with the seed close to the notch. In 1992 Armstrong[9] identified no fewer than forty British species and microspecies. Credit: Keith J Smith / Alamy Stock Photo. Elm wood is strong and durable with a tight-twisted grain, and is resistant to water. [21] There are mature survivors in Edinburgh that are not the common U. minor cultivars (2015). They have the characteristic asymmetrical base … [32][33][34], In France, a tree reputedly over 650 years old survived in the centre of Biscarrosse south of Bordeaux until the summer of 2010, when it finally succumbed to Dutch elm disease. Mittempergher, L. (2000). minor was used by R. H. Richens[45] for field elm that was not English elm, Cornish elm, Plot elm or Guernsey elm. Journal of Ayurveda and integrative medicine.J Ayurveda Integr Med.2017 Oct 16. pii: S0975-9476(16)30497 [35] Another veteran with a 6-metre girth survives at Bettange, France, close to the Belgian border, reputedly planted in 1593. > Ulmus > Ulmus minor Ulmus minor small-leaved elm synonym: Ulmus carpinifolia & subsp. Screening European elms for resistance to Ophiostoma novo-ulmi. The elms of Omali Voiou: «Oι εκκλησίες της Oμαλής Bοΐου» [:The Churches of Omali Voiou], photograph 7 (p.25): www.scribd.com, The elm in Strinylas, Corfu: greeka.com/ionian/corfu/corfu-villages/strinilas-corfu.htm; manfred-peters.de/Titel_Korfu_Tip_Nord.htm, European Tree of the Year 2013, facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=655819444441287&set=a.366730233350211.84042.112234408799796&type=1&relevant_count=1&ref=nf, sullystrees.weebly.com/list-of-trees-by-french-departements.html, Photograph of the great elms on Long Melford Green (Francis Frith Collection, images.francisfrith.com), S. R. Badmin's 'Long Melford Green on a Frosty Morning', Victoria and Albert Museum. Ulmus L. (Ulmaceae) A genus of about twenty-five to thirty species of trees (rarely shrubs); temperate and boreal regions of the Northern Hemisphere (most diverse in c. and n. Asia). Brown or Mostly Green Samara, Medium (0.50 - 1.50 inches), fruiting in Winter or Spring. ID: R955WM (RF) smooth-leaf elm (Ulmus minor, Ulmus campestris, Ulmus carpinifolia), branch with cork ledges, Germany A distinguishing feature of this wych elm cultivar is its bright yellow leaves when growing in full sun. The field elm becomes alive with colour in autumn. Preferred Common Name European field elm Other Scientific Names Ulmus campestris L., nom. It has golden foliage and provides good shade for those summer days. [20] More recently U. minor seed was imported to the UK from Italy. were both sunk as U. minor by Richens. A non-profit-making company limited by guarantee. 19699368, 16899359, 19699365. are coarse and pubescent, whereas those on mature growth are generally smooth, though remaining highly variable in form; there are generally fewer than 12 pairs of side veins. [58], Field elm beside Willy Lott's Cottage in Constable's The Hay Wain (1821), The same, in Constable's Flatford Lock, Christchurch Mansion, Ipswich, Subspecies, varieties, and former species sunk as. leaf blades without marginal cilia, winter bud scales red-brown to brown or dark brown, with white or pale cilia near the margins, and samara pubescent on only the central vein of wing (vs. U. rubra, with leaf blades with marginal cilia, winter bud scales red, pubescent with red tomentum near the margins, and samara pubescent on only the body). Cooperative Extension, which staffs local offices in all 100 counties and with the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. Field elm is an ancient introduction to the UK and a number of distinct forms are known, English elm being one of them. The shoots are slender compared with those of wych elm. An elm (reputedly the original) and the fountain were the focal-point of the village until the late 20th century. Richens sank as undifferentiated U. minor certain local English forms such as U. minor 'Goodyeri', U. minor 'Hunnybunii', U. minor 'Sowerbyi', and U. minor 'Coritana'. [55] The resulting hybrid has not yet been given a formal botanical name, though there are cultivated forms such as 'Recerta' and 'Fiorente' (see Hybrid cultivars). Golden wych elms are a smaller cultivar of the species Ulmus glabra. ACCOLADE is derived from a hybrid elm ( Ulmus japonica x Ulmus wilsoniana ) that was planted in 1924 at the Morton Arboretum in Lisle, Illinois. The Field Elm cultivar Ulmus minor 'Viminalis' [1] (:'willow-like'), occasionally referred to as the Twiggy Field Elm,[2][3] was raised by Masters in 1817, and listed in 1831 as U. campestris viminalis, without description. Leaves on juvenile growth (suckers, seedlings etc.) Solla, A., Bohnens, J., Collin, E., Diamandis, S., Franke, A., Gil, L., Burón, M., Santini, A., Mittempergher, L., Pinon, J., Vanden Broeck, A. A number of studies have now shown that the distinctive forms Melville elevated to species and Richens lumped together as field elm are single clones, all genetically identical, which have been propagated by vegetative means such as cuttings or root suckers. Many birds eat elm seeds and the leaves provide food for the caterpillars of many moths, including the peppered, light emerald and white-spotted pinion moths. [7], Richens sank a number of British elms, notably English elm, as either subspecies or varieties of U. minor in 1968. Autumn leaf identification quiz: can you identify these 10 trees? Green and Richens also sank U. minor var. Having abandoned their original village in 1286 after cholera outbreaks, the villagers re-founded it in the hills where a young elm was growing beside a spring. U. minor, Our Lady of Castro, Oschiri, Sardinia, U. minor, Cambil, Andalucía, Spain (2012), U. minor in the village perché of Fox-Amphoux, Provence, France, 2017, U. minor, Riverside Park, Yass, New South Wales. Smaller than those of the wych elm at 4–9cm in length. [18] Results from Spain (2013), for example, confirm that a very small number of surviving field elms (about 0.5% of those tested) appear to have comparatively high levels of tolerance of the disease, and it is hoped that a controlled crossing of the best of these will produce resistant Ulmus minor hybrids for cultivation. Ulmus minor Mill., the field elm, is by far the most polymorphic of the European species, although its taxonomy remains a matter of contention. The earlier trees were raised in response to the initial Dutch elm disease pandemic that afflicted Europe after the First World War, and were to prove vulnerable to the much more virulent strain of the disease that arrived in the late 1960s. ), Termitts Farm near Hatfield Peverel, Essex (25 m high, 145 d.b.h. Bocconea 5: 493–504. The tree's typical habitat is low-lying forest along the main rivers, growing in association with oak and ash, where it tolerates summer floods as well as droughts. It has been used in wood turning, and to make boats and boat parts, furniture, wheel hubs, wooden water pipes, floorboards and coffins. Melville, R. (1957). The Dutch Elm is botanically called Ulmus hollandica. The relatively small leaf is oval to elongated-ovate and glossy dark green. nos. 20 m. The crown is formed by sturdy short-spreading branches. VAT No. ambig. 2019. They are leathery to the touch. It is in flower from February to March, and the seeds ripen from May to June. [49] Bean (1988), however, considered it "a variety of rather dubious standing",[50] and it was ignored by Richens (1983). Nevertheless, it is Richens’ classification which has been the most commonly adopted in recent years, although it is not used in Flora Europaea [15]. Ulmus minor is a deciduous shrub or a tree with a pyramidal to upright crown; it can grow up to 30 metres tall [ 74 Flora of the USSR. Registered in England No. Tree Ulmus minor Norway maple graphy, bushes PNG size: 812x1640px filesize: 1.75MB Grass Herbaceous plant, bamboo PNG size: 1000x1180px filesize: 999.04KB English oak Tree Norway maple graphy, arboles PNG size: 1081x1600px filesize: 1.82MB [17], U. minor in general and a number of clones in particular (see 'Cultivars' below) were once commonly cultivated across Europe in town and country, but owing to its susceptibility to Dutch elm disease, U. minor is now uncommon in cultivation. This page was last edited on 11 December 2020, at 21:25. Tolerance of elm yellows (phloem necrosis) is generally good, U. minor exhibiting symptoms such as the 'witch's broom' only sporadically throughout Italy, including Sicily and Sardinia, however the disease was often locally common within the species in France, including Paris. Flowers, which appear in February and March, are dark pink to red and hang in tassels. PDF Reference page. suberosa (Moench) Rehder - the so-called 'Cork-barked elm', korkulme (Germany) or wiąz korkowa (Poland), as a genetically random, maritime or juvenile form of U. minor, insufficiently differentiated to merit varietal status, its name a relic of taxonomic conservatism.[53][54]. The rough flakey bark, particularly in older specimens, is a characteristic feature. [12] The bark of the trunk is rough, furrowed lightly in older trees to form a block pattern. From that point it eats away as much leaf tissue as it … Its natural range is predominantly south European, extending to Asia Minor and Iran; its northern outposts are the Baltic islands of Öland and Gotland,[1] although it may have been introduced here by man. These are dispersed by wind. [5] He concluded, however, that owing to incomplete field-research at the time of writing, it was "not possible to present an overall breakdown of the European Field Elm into regional varieties". 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