The unique two-person accommodations are inspired from traditional Filipino houses using cogon grass as roofing material (Sicogon is derived from the word Cogon, which refers to Imperata cylindrica plant). I. brasiliensis differs from I. cylindrica in terms of the number of stamens per flower; I. brasiliensis has one stamen whereas I. cylindrica has two. Imperata cylindrica may be confused with I. brasiliensis (Brazilian satintail). Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv. - 4 ft. 0 in. In this study, cogon grass was made as a material in paper making. The concentration of sugar varies greatly during the life cycle but is greatest when the cane is flowering, so this is when the harvest typically occurs. Not listed as a noxious weed by the state or governments in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. Cogon Grass has also infested a large part of Alabama and portions of other southern states. Life cycle: Cogongrass is a perennial grass in southern climates but becomes an annual in colder northern areas. Although Imperata cylindrica can have leaf blades of up to 1.5 m tall in conditions of good soil moisture and fertility (Holm et al. (Imperata cylindrica) invasions in the US: Mechanisms, impacts, and threats to Imperata Grassland Rehabilitation using Agroforestry and Assisted Natural Regeneration. )is a warm-season perennial grass species found throughout tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world (Hubbard 1944). Imperata cylindrica is a weed of 35 crops worldwide with most crops in the humid tropics affected. In cultivated ornamental versions, leaves are a deep red color. biodiversity. control can be effective against Cogongrass with multiple treatments. Effects of light, temperature, KNO3, and storage on germination of cogon grass. This activity was undertaken as part of the BioNET-EAFRINET UVIMA Project (Taxonomy for Development in East Africa). For this year, it is a little too late, but is possible if we do not have a frost event. Cogon grass, cotton wool grass, silver spike, sword grass, ialang, lusanke (Luganda), mtimbi (Kiswahili), ol'ungu (Maasai) Consistent follow-up work is required for sustainable management. I’ve found goat do indeed like cogon grass. In this study, it refers to the capability of cogon grass to be used as a material for paper making. Cultivars of cogongrass are sometimes sold under the common name "Japanese blood grass." several species of fungi are currently under investigation for possible future This document provides a plan for cogongrass management in perennial grass pastures, as well … Flowering typically occurs in spring or after disturbance of the sward (mowing, etc.). Control is generally best applied to the least infested areas before dense infestations are tackled. southern forests. use. Imperata cylindrica (satintail). Young inflorescences and shoots may be eaten cooked, and the roots contain starch and sugars and are therefore easy to chew. Studies on Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv. (1974). © Salt Lake County—All rights reserved | [PDF file]. Cogongrass is an aggressive invasive grass that threatens production forestry and the integrity of Southeastern ecosystems through competitive displacement of native species and altered nitrogen cycles and fire regimes. Cogongrass can easily choke out many native plant species if given the opportunity. Flowering Time:  Flowering time differs based on local climate. Biological Control of Cogongrass: Progress and Perspectives James P. Cuda1, William A. Overholt2, and Purnama Hidayat3 1Entomology & Nematology Dept., Gainesville, FL 2Retired, Biological Control Research & Containment Laboratory, Ft. Pierce, FL 3Bogor Agricultural University, West Java, Indonesia IFAS-FTGA Great CEU Roundup, McCarty GOO1, 25 July 2018 Ivens GW, 1975. I. cylindrica has been nominated as among 100 of the "World's Worst" invaders by the IUCN Invasive Species Specialist Group and It is on the Federal Noxious Weeds List in the USA. There are In natural versions, leaves are light green. further treatments may be needed to kill the rhizomatous root mat. Seeds: Cogongrass produces light, dandelion like seeds that attach to silvery tufts for wind dispersal. In southern climates, flowering occurs intermittently year-round. No cut-mouth issues so far. Non Discrimination | Cogongrass Although it does not tolerate cool temperatures, it … The grass blades tend to be yellow to green in color (Figure 1). Some components of an integrated management approach are introduced below. It is also thought to negatively impact upon biodiversity as it is an inferior forage grass. Comment about this page? Retrieved from http://www.tsusinvasives.org/home/database/imperata-cylindrica, Salt Lake County Health Department Imperata arundinacea Cirollo; Lagurus cylindricusL. Seed heads range from 2 to 8 inches in length a… Life Cycle. control methods (pulling, cultivation, etc.) Cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica). Cogongrass is a perennial, rhizomatous grass commonly sold as an ornamental in nurseries across the country. - 4 ft. 0 in. If you prefer a rustic-themed resort then I suggest you stay in Balay Kogon. Invasive Species Database. Yes, cogon grass should be eradicated. As Imperata cylindrica is so widespread this is unlikely to be possible in many instances. As a seedling, Johnsongrass looks similar to corn, … The Feasibility of Cogon Grass (Imperata Cylindrica) as an Economical and Environment Friendly substitute for Carboard, Food Packaging, for Souvenirs, etc / Source: Angel Ann M. Concepcion Justine Ace York C. Barnardo / Dept of Science and Technology (15) Cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica) roots as a potent agent in lowering uric acid / Google Doc Has a weak and shallow root system.Closeup of leaf bladePhoto: Bruce Ackley, The Ohio State University, Bugwood.orgNotice silvery stripe of reflective hairs downmiddle of the leaf surfacePhoto: Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org Retrieved from http://www.iucngisd.org/gisd/species.php?sc=16, Invasive The leaves reach 2–6 feet in height. It grows from 0.6-3 m tall. When dry, Cogongrass poses a significant fire risk. Itoh K ed, 1991. Cogongrass. Phone: (385) 468-4100, TTY | Lyons, E.E. If prevention is no longer possible, it is best to treat the weed infestations when they are small to prevent them from establishing (early detection and rapid response). The main vein is a lighter colour than the rest of the leaf and tends to be nearer to one side of the leaf. Retrieved from http://www.gri.msstate.edu/ipams/species.php?CName=Cogongrass, Miller, J. Invasive Species Institute. Pine decline is another growing problem that also may severely impact both the ecology and livelihood of the Southeast. Leaves: Long blade-like leaves grow up in clumps from a central base. The leaf margins are finely toothed, and the upper leaf surface is typically hairy near the base. Cogongrass is an aggressive perennial grass that is distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Agronomy Journal 66: 187-188. Bright green grass has silver hairs down the center of its short bamboo-like blade; grows up to 2 ft. tall. This weed spreads not only by an aggressive root system, but also by fluffy white seed heads that produce an abundance of wind-blown seed in the early summer. Imperata cylindrica is found in a wide range of habitats including grassland, cultivated annual crops, plantations, abandoned farm land, road and railway embankments, reclaimed mined areas, pine and hardwood forests, recreational areas and deforested areas from sea level to 2700 m and rainfalls of 500-5000 mm/year. currently no approved biocontrol agents for Cogongrass in the US, although In its ornamental form it poses little threat to native flora, but it can easily become invasive if given the right conditions (excessive shade, water, well-drained soil). treatment with Glyphosate herbicides can control leaf growth, but up to 2 Imperata cylindrica has medicinal properties, can be used in construction and as a fibre and as an ornamental. The flowers and the roots are antibacterial, diuretic, febrifuge, sialagogue, styptic and tonic.. Cogongrass is a perennial, rhizomatous grass commonly sold as an ornamental in nurseries across the country. It goes by many popular names: wolly grass, blady grass, kura-kura, Bai Mao Gen, cotton wool grass, alang-alang, kunai grass, and—perhaps the one you’re most likely to recognize—cogon grass. I’m going to weigh in on this because I have a lot of experience with goats and cogon grass. It is very tolerant of soil type and of wide variations in soil fertility, soil moisture and light conditions. Ambrosia beetles are wood-degrading insects which live in nutritional symbiosis with ambrosia fungi. CABI Publishing 2011. www.cabi.org/ISC. Life Cycle: Perennial Recommended Propagation Strategy: Seed Country Or Region Of Origin: Africa, Europe, Asia Dimensions: Height: 2 ft. 0 in. The leaves are about 2 cm wide near the base of the plant and narrow to a sharp point at the top; the margins are finely toothed and are embedded with sharp silica crystals. Today, cogon grass has been found in over 73 countries (MacDonald, 2004). Xyleborus glabratus was first detected in 2002 and is one of the 10 ambrosia beetle species in t… (2003). Millions of hectares of farmland are abandoned because of I. cylindrica grass in West and Central Africa each year. Agnes Lusweti, National Museums of Kenya; Emily Wabuyele, National Museums of Kenya, Paul Ssegawa, Makerere University; John Mauremootoo, BioNET-INTERNATIONAL Secretariat - UK. (eds) (1999). The upper surface is hairy near the base of the plant while the underside is usually hairless. and Miller, S.E. The long leaves feature a sharp terminal point and are embedded with silica crystals. Imperata IRRI/NRI (1996). & Flory, L. (2015, January). However, they aren’t going to clean up an infested field. It also spreads by rhizomes (root-like stems) which can be transported by tilling equipment and in soil transport. One Impacts . and Uganda (Lyons and Miller 1999). In Malaysia, I. cylindrica is most noticeable as luxuriant stands of yellowish-green grass growing along roadsides and usually in full sun. leaf sheath with hairs (Photo: James H. Miller, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org), plant base and rhizomes (Photo: James H. Miller, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org), seed heads (whitish plumes) and flower heads (Photo: James H. Miller, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org), infestation (Photo: James H. Miller, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org), plants (Photo: Charles T. Bryson, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Bugwood.org), flowering (Photo: Nancy Loewenstein, Auburn University, Bugwood.org). Details on possible control methods for I. cylindrica are available in the CABI Invasive Species Compendium. Plant Atlas of the MidSouth. It is native to southeast Asia and infests nearly 500 million acres of plantation and agricultural land worldwide. General Information   This lawn weed thrives in open areas, often occurring in home lawns, pastures and along roadsides. This fact sheet is adapted from The Environmental Weeds of Australia by Sheldon Navie and Steve Adkins, Centre for Biological Information Technology, University of Queensland. ... Cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica) and Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) are two of the most common. Nonnative invasive plants of Roots are up to 1.2 m deep, but 0.4 m is typical in sandy soil. Research has shown that burning cogongrass followed by a 4 to 6 week regrowth period enhances control with both glyphosate and imazapyr. In cooler climates, mid-May to June. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351989414000626, Global Imperata Cylindrica - Poaceae Family - Perennial, Cogongrass: entire plant including root system, Estrada, J. And of course, where there is any cogon grass, there will soon be an infestation. Imperata cylindrica is a prolific seed producer with one plant capable of producing up to 3000 seeds. We recognise the support from the National Museums of Kenya, Tropical Pesticides Research Institute (TPRI) - Tanzania and Makerere University, Uganda. infestations (home gardens, etc.). The precise management measures adopted for any plant invasion will depend upon factors such as the terrain, the cost and availability of labour, the severity of the infestation and the presence of other invasive species. cylindrica (L.) Beauv. are effective only on small Imperata cylindrica is invasive in parts of Kenya and Tanzania (A.B.R. It is considered to be the worst perennial grass weed of southern and east Asia. This hardy grass can grow from 2 feet to 10 feet tall, with leaves about 2 cm wide at the base, tapering off to sharp points. Technical Report, Agricultural Research Council Weed Research Organization, No. Imperata cylindrica is naturalised throughout the tropics and warm temperate locations although it has a limited distribution tropical America. Typically, ambrosia beetles are considered beneficial because they accelerate the decay of dead trees, which is important for nutrient cycling in healthy forests. It burns extremely readily, often causing fires to expand far more than if they were burning natives. Cogon grass grows 0.6–3 metres (2–10 feet) tall and has roots that can reach more than 1 metre (3.3 feet) long. Retrieved from https://www.fs.fed.us/invasivespecies/speciesprofiles/documents/cogon-grass.pdf View PDF, Texas 1977). Species profile: Imperata cylindrica. The seed head (Figure 3) is fluffy, white, and plume-like. Privacy Statement |. obs.) Controlling the weed before it seeds will reduce future problems. Cogongrass is a rapidly growing perennial grass that is tolerant of shade, poor soils, high salinity, moisture and drought. In spring or summer, the plants produce fluffy white seed heads. Chemical BioNET-EAFRINET Regional Coordinator: eafrinet@africaonline.co.ke, Introduced, naturalised or invasive in East Africa. The Mississippi Department of Agriculture and Commerce has assembled a task force of scientists, educators, government officials and agricultural leaders to recommend a comprehensive survey and control program for cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) before the invasive weed overtakes pastures, forestland, wildlife habitats and landscapes in the state. Johnsongrass Life Cycle Identifying Johnsongrass is the first step in controlling the weed. Imperata Management for Smallholders. Need more information? Cogon grass is a C 4 grass found mainly in tropical and subtropical areas with 75 to 500 cm of annual rainfall (Bryson, 1999). Invasive Species in Eastern Africa: Proceedings of a Workshop held at ICIPE, July 5-6, 1999. Paper. Cogon grass reproduces asexually by rhizomes and sexually by seeds (Hubbard et al., 1944). The best form of invasive species management is prevention. They are produced during early to mid-June. Polembang, Indonesia: Indonesian Rubber Research Institute, and Chatham, UK: Natural Resources Institute. Witt pers. Cogongrass: Cogon Grass: Satintail: Blood Grass: Also sold as: Red Baron: General Plant Information ; Plant Habit: Grass/Grass-like: Life cycle: Perennial: Sun Requirements: Full Sun to Partial Shade: Water Preferences: Mesic Dry Mesic Dry: Minimum cold hardiness: Zone 5a -28.9 °C (-20 °F) to … Tsukuba, Japan: Tropical Agriculture Research Center. These are dispersed by wind over long distances. Flowers: Flowers are silvery colored cylinders 2-8 inches long. grass that is distributed worldwide in the tropical and subtropical regions (Wilson, 2004). Disclaimer | Life cycle: Cogongrass is a perennial grass in southern climates but becomes an annual in colder northern areas. The leaves are typically light green with a thin, white stripe, but can turn reddish-brown after a frost or freeze. ICRAF (1999). Cogongrass can be mowed, grazed, or burned, but it is difficult to control physically because it will propagate from stem fragments or the roots. Cogon grass is a perennial, rhizomatous grass that is somewhat variable in appearance (Ladion, 2000). Beauv) is commonly known as Cogon Grass and used in Ayurveda for the treatment of various u rinary disorders. Several distinctive features aid in the identification of cogongrass. Dickens, R. and Moore, G.M. (2010, August 21). Imperata cylindrica is the most morphologically variable species in … We have a fact sheet available that can be found here. Mechanical and chemical control are the main management options for established infestations and at present, there is no scope for biological control with pathogens or predators. Individual leaf blades are flat and serrated, with an off-center prominent white midrib (Figure 2). CABI Invasive Species Compendium online data sheet. Accessed March 2011. Its erect habit, fluffy white inflorescence and extensive rhizome system makes Imperata cylindrica grass distinct from most other weeds. The redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff and its fungal symbiont, Raffaelea sp., are new introductions into the southeastern United States. The plant belon gs to t he family Poaceae. Native to Southeast Asia, cogongrass is an aggressive invasive plant that that has spread to all continents except Antarctica (MacDonald 2004) and is considered among the worst problematic weeds on a global scale (Holm et al. Whole Plant Traits: Plant Type: Ornamental Grasses and Sedges Weed Habit/Form: Clumping Erect Spreading Growth Rate: Rapid Maintenance: High; Cultural Conditions: Light: Mechanical Life Cycles of Rice Field Weeds and their Management in Malaysia. First, cogongrass infestations usually occur in circular patches. Cogongrass can invade pastures, natural or planted forests, riparian areas, highway rights-of-way, urban areas, and wetlands. In the United States, it is naturalized in Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississip… Width: 2 ft. 0 in. Bogor, Indonesia: International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, 167 pp. Cogon grass, cotton wool grass, silver spike, sword grass, ialang, lusanke (Luganda), mtimbi (Kiswahili), ol'ungu (Maasai), Pantropical - almost certainly found in all countries in the humid tropics. and Eupatorium odoratum L. Weed Research Project R 2552, 1971-1973. In colder climates, it flowers and seeds in early summer before dying off with the first frost. Deep plowing may be effective in the removal of cogongrass if the plow reaches up to 6 i… GRAMA | In order to completely remove this plant, the rhizomes must be destroyed. IRRI/NRI (1996) have produced a guide to the management of I. cylindrica by smallholder farmers in South-East Asia and a volume on grassland rehabilitation using agroforestry and assisted natural regeneration has been produced by ICRAF (1999). Bermuda grass is also the most common grass … In colder climates, it flowers and seeds in early summer before dying off with the first frost. Imperata cylindrica is a long-lived (perennial)  rhizomatous grass (spread by creeping stems - rhizomes). Smutgrass can be found throughout much of the southeastern and western United States. (TPCS) composites containing cogon grass fiber (CGF) in the range of 1, 3, and 5 wt.%. 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Introduced, naturalised or Invasive in parts of Kenya and Tanzania ( A.B.R an in... To 3000 seeds Rehabilitation using Agroforestry and Assisted Natural Regeneration roots contain starch and and! A fact sheet available that can be found here producer with one plant capable of producing up to seeds! Is distributed throughout the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the leaf margins are finely toothed and. In over 73 countries ( MacDonald, 2004 ) grass and used in Ayurveda for the treatment of various rinary... Into the southeastern and western United States plant while the underside is usually hairless to be yellow to green color! Planted forests, riparian areas, and the upper surface is hairy the. In on this because i have a fact sheet available that can be used as a and..., UK: Natural Resources Institute typically hairy near the base of the MidSouth: //www.iucngisd.org/gisd/species.php?,. In over 73 countries ( MacDonald, 2004 ) Eupatorium odoratum L. weed Research Project R,... Extensive rhizome system makes imperata cylindrica is a little too late, but can turn after! Balay Kogon plant including root system, Estrada, J m going to clean up an field. Centre for Research in Agroforestry, 167 pp with ambrosia fungi up to 2 ft. tall are finely,... Coordinator: eafrinet @ africaonline.co.ke, introduced, naturalised or Invasive in parts of Kenya Tanzania... Possible in many instances to one side of the BioNET-EAFRINET UVIMA Project ( Taxonomy for Development East... Based on local climate bamboo-like blade ; grows up to 3000 seeds southern but. ( Brazilian satintail ) growing problem that also may severely impact both the ecology livelihood! Cogongrass poses a significant fire risk infestations ( home gardens, etc. ) Taxonomy Development! And as a noxious weed by the state or governments in Kenya Tanzania... Causing fires to expand far more than if they were burning natives capable of producing up to 1.2 m,!, temperature, KNO3, and the upper leaf surface is typically hairy near the base of world! Management in Malaysia, I. cylindrica is Invasive in parts of Kenya and Tanzania ( A.B.R biodiversity! That is somewhat variable in appearance ( Ladion, 2000 ) spread by creeping -. Resources Institute because of I. cylindrica grass in West and central Africa each.... A significant fire risk in soil transport storage on germination of cogon grass reproduces asexually by rhizomes ( root-like )... Confused with I. brasiliensis ( Brazilian satintail ) cogongrass poses a significant fire risk often causing fires to far! Cultivation, etc. ) wood-degrading insects which live in nutritional symbiosis with ambrosia.. And along roadsides and usually in full sun Agroforestry and Assisted Natural Regeneration throughout. It also spreads by rhizomes and sexually by seeds ( Hubbard et al., ).: //www.iucngisd.org/gisd/species.php? sc=16, Invasive plant Atlas of the plant while the underside usually. Where there is any cogon grass. colder climates, it is a warm-season grass., July 5-6, 1999 effects of light, temperature, KNO3 and. Weed by the state or governments in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda by! Management is prevention the plants produce fluffy white seed heads was undertaken as part of leaf! I suggest you stay in Balay Kogon cultivated ornamental versions, leaves are a deep color. ( 2015, January ), they aren ’ t going to clean up an field... Along roadsides Time differs based on local climate of yellowish-green grass growing along roadsides usually... In colder climates, it refers to the least infested areas before dense infestations are tackled part of Alabama portions. It has a limited distribution tropical America down the center of its short bamboo-like ;. A Workshop held at ICIPE, July 5-6, 1999 if we do not a! Kno3, and threats to biodiversity be possible in many instances may be confused with I. brasiliensis Brazilian. Moisture and light conditions i have a frost event one plant capable of producing cogon grass life cycle... Embedded with silica crystals roots are up to 3000 seeds, 1971-1973 Hubbard et al., 1944.. Using Agroforestry and Assisted Natural Regeneration Africa: Proceedings of a Workshop held at ICIPE, July 5-6 1999... Cylindrica grass distinct from most other Weeds one side of the most common it is also to! Gs to t he family Poaceae nurseries across the country ) is a warm-season perennial Species. First, cogongrass poses a significant fire risk medicinal properties, can be found here, an..., 1944 ) in early summer before dying off with the first frost details possible! Are wood-degrading insects which live in nutritional symbiosis with ambrosia fungi the tropics and warm temperate locations although has... Creeping stems - rhizomes ), 1971-1973 or planted forests, riparian,... Grass was made as a fibre and as an ornamental and Eupatorium odoratum L. weed Organization.